See sub rosa on Wiktionary
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"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*wardah",
"t": "flower; rose"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower; rose”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hwerdʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesis"
},
"expansion": "metathesis",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *upó\nThe adverb and adjective are an unadapted borrowing from Late Latin sub rosā (literally “under the rose”), from Latin sub (“beneath, under”) + rosa (“rose”) (possibly from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower; rose”) and Proto-Indo-European *Hwerdʰ-, possibly a metathesis of *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; to rise”)). The reason for the reference to a rose is uncertain, though it has been suggested that it derives from the Ancient Greek myth that Aphrodite (the goddess of love) gave a rose to her son Eros (the god of love and sex), who in turn gave it to Harpocrates (the god of silence, confidentiality, and secrets) to ensure that Aphrodite’s sexual indiscretions were not revealed. Roses thus became a symbol of secrecy—they were, for example, used at meetings to pledge the participants not to disclose what had been discussed. Compare under the rose which is attested earlier.\nThe noun is derived from the adverb and adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more sub rosa",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most sub rosa",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "sub rosa"
},
"expansion": "sub rosa (comparative more sub rosa, superlative most sub rosa)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "above-board"
},
{
"word": "openly"
},
{
"word": "publicly"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They held the meeting sub rosa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1833 July 1, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees—Bestial Theory—Character of Bertram—Beaumont and Fletcher’s Dramas—Æschylus, Sophocles, Euripides—Milton”, in H[enry] N[elson] C[oleridge], editor, Specimens of the Table Talk of the Late Samuel Taylor Coleridge. […], volume II, London: John Murray, […], published 1835, →OCLC, pages 203–204:",
"text": "By the by, I wonder some of you lawyers (sub rosa, of course) have not quoted the pithy lines in Mandeville […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, chapter IX, in Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part II, page 188:",
"text": "I run my boat into New York, buy from Yankee firms, sub rosa, of course, and away I go.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covertly or in secret; confidentially, privately, secretly."
],
"links": [
[
"Covertly",
"covertly"
],
[
"in secret",
"in secret"
],
[
"confidentially",
"confidentially"
],
[
"privately",
"privately"
],
[
"secretly",
"secretly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "behind the scenes"
},
{
"word": "under the rose"
},
{
"word": "under the table"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsʌb ˈɹəʊzə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsʌb ˈɹoʊzə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-sub rosa.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-sub_rosa.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-sub_rosa.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Aphrodite",
"Eros",
"Harpocrates",
"Louis-Philippe Mouchy"
],
"word": "sub rosa"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
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"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁lewdʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upó",
"English unadapted borrowings from Late Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Terms with Finnish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "upó"
},
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"name": "PIE word"
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{
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"2": "ine-pro",
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"name": "root"
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"name": "glossary"
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{
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"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "sub rosā",
"lit": "under the rose",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unadapted borrowing from Late Latin sub rosā (literally “under the rose”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sub",
"t": "beneath, under"
},
"expansion": "Latin sub (“beneath, under”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥόδον",
"t": "rose"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*wardah",
"t": "flower; rose"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower; rose”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hwerdʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesis"
},
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"name": "glossary"
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"name": "sup"
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{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *upó\nThe adverb and adjective are an unadapted borrowing from Late Latin sub rosā (literally “under the rose”), from Latin sub (“beneath, under”) + rosa (“rose”) (possibly from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower; rose”) and Proto-Indo-European *Hwerdʰ-, possibly a metathesis of *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; to rise”)). The reason for the reference to a rose is uncertain, though it has been suggested that it derives from the Ancient Greek myth that Aphrodite (the goddess of love) gave a rose to her son Eros (the god of love and sex), who in turn gave it to Harpocrates (the god of silence, confidentiality, and secrets) to ensure that Aphrodite’s sexual indiscretions were not revealed. Roses thus became a symbol of secrecy—they were, for example, used at meetings to pledge the participants not to disclose what had been discussed. Compare under the rose which is attested earlier.\nThe noun is derived from the adverb and adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more sub rosa",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most sub rosa",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"head": "sub rosa"
},
"expansion": "sub rosa (comparative more sub rosa, superlative most sub rosa)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "above-board"
},
{
"word": "open"
},
{
"word": "public"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 6, in The Crying of Lot 49, Philadelphia, Pa.; New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, page 160:",
"text": "He began a sub rosa campaign of obstruction, terror and depredation along the Thurn and Taxis mail routes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Carried out confidentially or secretly."
],
"links": [
[
"Carried out",
"carry out"
],
[
"confidentially",
"confidentially"
],
[
"secretly",
"secretly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "behind the scenes"
},
{
"word": "under the rose"
},
{
"word": "under the table"
},
{
"word": "covert"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "explicit"
},
{
"word": "expressed"
},
{
"word": "spoken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not formally stated; implicit, tacit, unspoken."
],
"links": [
[
"formally",
"formally"
],
[
"stated",
"state#Verb"
],
[
"implicit",
"implicit"
],
[
"tacit",
"tacit"
],
[
"unspoken",
"unspoken"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsʌb ˈɹəʊzə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsʌb ˈɹoʊzə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-sub rosa.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-sub_rosa.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-sub_rosa.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "carried out confidentially or secretly",
"word": "kulissientakainen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Aphrodite",
"Eros",
"Harpocrates",
"Louis-Philippe Mouchy"
],
"word": "sub rosa"
}
{
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"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁lewdʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upó",
"English unadapted borrowings from Late Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Terms with Finnish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "upó"
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"name": "PIE word"
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"name": "glossary"
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"3": "sub rosā",
"lit": "under the rose",
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},
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"name": "ubor"
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{
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"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥόδον",
"t": "rose"
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "ira-pro",
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"t": "flower; rose"
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"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower; rose”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hwerdʰ-",
"name": "der"
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"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *upó\nThe adverb and adjective are an unadapted borrowing from Late Latin sub rosā (literally “under the rose”), from Latin sub (“beneath, under”) + rosa (“rose”) (possibly from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower; rose”) and Proto-Indo-European *Hwerdʰ-, possibly a metathesis of *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; to rise”)). The reason for the reference to a rose is uncertain, though it has been suggested that it derives from the Ancient Greek myth that Aphrodite (the goddess of love) gave a rose to her son Eros (the god of love and sex), who in turn gave it to Harpocrates (the god of silence, confidentiality, and secrets) to ensure that Aphrodite’s sexual indiscretions were not revealed. Roses thus became a symbol of secrecy—they were, for example, used at meetings to pledge the participants not to disclose what had been discussed. Compare under the rose which is attested earlier.\nThe noun is derived from the adverb and adjective.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"nolinkhead": "1"
},
"expansion": "sub rosa (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006 March 23, Daniel Blackburn, “Fraud Busters”, in New Times:",
"text": "Questions about Esparza's surveillance practices were exacerbated by an incident in December 2003, in which another subject of a sub-rosa complained of being followed by Esparza wielding a video camera.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Covert surveillance video used as evidence against applicants for workers' compensation to show they are not in fact (seriously) injured."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Covert",
"covert#Adjective"
],
[
"surveillance",
"surveillance"
],
[
"video",
"video#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"evidence",
"evidence#Noun"
],
[
"applicant",
"applicant"
],
[
"workers' compensation",
"workers' compensation"
],
[
"show",
"show#Verb"
],
[
"in fact",
"in fact"
],
[
"seriously",
"seriously"
],
[
"injured",
"injured#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, law, slang) Covert surveillance video used as evidence against applicants for workers' compensation to show they are not in fact (seriously) injured."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌsʌb ˈɹəʊzə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌsʌb ˈɹoʊzə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-sub rosa.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-sub_rosa.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-sub_rosa.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-sub_rosa.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-sub_rosa.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "subrosa"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "sub-rosa"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "covert surveillance video used as evidence against applicants for workers’ compensation",
"word": "salaa kuvattu video"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Aphrodite",
"Eros",
"Harpocrates",
"Louis-Philippe Mouchy"
],
"word": "sub rosa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sub rosa meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.